Galaxy Records

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**The Visually Brightest Spiral Galaxies** [GBA]
Galaxy	Constellation	Mag	Comment
M31	Andromeda	< 6	Andromeda Nebula
M33	Andromeda	6.7	Triangulum Nebula
M81	Ursa Major	7.9	Bode's Nebula
M51	Canes Venatici	8	Whirlpool Galaxy
NGC 55	Sculptor	8

The Visually Brightest Elliptical Galaxies [GBA]
Galaxy Constellation Magnitude

M49 Virgo 8.6

M60 Virgo 8.9

M85 Coma 9

M87 Virgo 9.2

M84 Virgo 9.3

**The Visually Brightest Elliptical Galaxies** [GBA]
Galaxy	Constellation	Magnitude
M49	Virgo	8.6
M60	Virgo	8.9
M85	Coma	9
M87	Virgo	9.2
M84	Virgo	9.3

**The Visually Brightest Irregular Galaxies** [GBA]
Galaxy	Constellation	Magnitude
Large Magellanic Cloud	Dorado/Mensa	0.1
Small Magellanic Cloud	Tucana	2.8
M82	Ursa Major	8.8
NGC 3310	Ursa Major	10.1
NGC 3738	Ursa Major	11.8

**The Nearest Galaxies (beyond our own)** [CAA 390]
Galaxy	Dist/kpc	Type
Sagittarius	24	dE
Large Magellanic Cloud	50	Irr
Small Magellanic Cloud	65	Irr
Draco	67	dE
Ursa Minor	67	dE

Note: for Sagittarius, see Astronomy Picture of the Day, 29 March 1997.

It is difficult to divide galaxies into galaxy groups because the groups are not well separated from each other. Also, it is quite hard to determine the distance to many galaxies accurately. There are therefore a number of different divisions of galaxies into galaxy groups. Three of those are listed below.

**The Nearest Galaxy Groups (beyond the Local Group)**[de Vaucouleurs 1973]
Group	Dist/Mpc	brightest B magnitude
G 1 - Sculptor	2.5	8.1
G 2 - M 81	3.0	7.9
G 4 - NGC 5128	4.0	8.2
G 3 - Canes Venatici I	4.5	8.9
G 7 - NGC 1023	4.9	10.7

The distances indicate a Hubble constant of about 100 km/(s Mpc).

The Nearest Galaxy Groups (beyond the Local Group)[Gourgoulhon et al. 1992]

Group Dist/Mpc Members

Sculptor 2 8

NGC 3031 (M 81) 2 11

IC 342 2 5

NGC 2403 3 3

Canes Venatici I 4 10

**The Nearest Galaxy Groups (beyond the Local Group)**[Gourgoulhon et al. 1992]
Group	Dist/Mpc	Members
Sculptor	2	8
NGC 3031 (M 81)	2	11
IC 342	2	5
NGC 2403	3	3
Canes Venatici I	4	10

**The Nearest Galaxy Groups (beyond the Local Group)**[Fouquê et al. 1992]
Group	Rad. vel/(km/s)	Distance/Mpc
NGC 3031 (M 81)	127	2.3
IC 342	171	3.1
NGC 253 (Sculptor)	177	3.2
NGC 2403	231	4.2
NGC 4736 (CVn I)	294	5.3

The distances are based on a value for Hubble's constant of 55 km/(s Mpc).

References:

G. de Vaucouleurs 1973: "Nearby Groups of Galaxies", Chapter 14 in "Galaxies and the Universe", Editors A. Sandage, M. Sandage, J. Kristian, Volume 9 of "Stars and Stellar Systems", General editor G. P. Kuiper, p. 557 - 600, 1965 + revision 1973

E. Gourgoulhon, P. Chamaraux, P. Fouquê 1992: "Groups of galaxies within 80 Mpc. I - Grouping hierarchical method and statistical properties", Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 255, p. 69. Abstract.

P. Fouquê, E. Gourgoulhon, P. Chamaraux, G. Paturel 1992: "Goups of galaxies within 80 Mpc. II - The catalogue of groups and group memberts", Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, Volume 93, p. 211. Abstract.

/PR/record/galaxies.html
Last modified 1 April 1997